Through educational institutions, media, summer camps, and direct involvement in military operations, Hamas has created an environment where children are psychologically conditioned, trained, and, in many cases, recruited for armed conflict. These practices constitute grave violations of international humanitarian law (IHL), international criminal law (ICL), and international human rights law (IHRL). JIJ condemns the indoctrination and militarization of children by Hamas and calls for comprehensive education reforms and accountability. Download factsheet here.